复杂逻辑 #
在摄取管道中,处理器中的 if 参数可以使用 Painless 脚本来评估复杂条件。这些条件有助于微调文档处理,允许进行高级逻辑,例如类型检查、正则表达式和组合多个标准。
多条件检查 #
您可以将逻辑运算符如 && (与)、 || (或)和 ! (非)组合起来构建更复杂的条件。以下管道标签将文档标记为 spam ,如果它们包含一个高于 1000 的 error_code ,则将其丢弃:
PUT _ingest/pipeline/spammy_error_handler
{
"processors": [
{
"set": {
"field": "tags",
"value": ["spam"],
"if": "ctx.message != null && ctx.message.contains('OutOfMemoryError')"
}
},
{
"drop": {
"if": "ctx.tags != null && ctx.tags.contains('spam') && ctx.error_code != null && ctx.error_code > 1000"
}
}
]
}
您可以使用以下 _simulate 请求测试管道:
POST _ingest/pipeline/spammy_error_handler/_simulate
{
"docs": [
{ "_source": { "message": "OutOfMemoryError occurred", "error_code": 1200 } },
{ "_source": { "message": "OutOfMemoryError occurred", "error_code": 800 } },
{ "_source": { "message": "All good", "error_code": 200 } }
]
}
第一份文档被丢弃,因为它包含一个 OutOfMemoryError 字符串和一个高于 1000 的 error_code :
{
"docs": [
null,
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"error_code": 800,
"message": "OutOfMemoryError occurred",
"tags": [
"spam"
]
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:20:10.704359884Z"
}
}
},
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"error_code": 200,
"message": "All good"
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:20:10.704369801Z"
}
}
}
]
}
类型安全的评估 #
使用 instanceof 确保在执行操作之前正在使用正确的数据类型。以下管道配置为仅在 message 为类型 String 且长度超过 10 个字符时,添加设置为 true 的 processed 字段:
PUT _ingest/pipeline/string_message_check
{
"processors": [
{
"set": {
"field": "processed",
"value": true,
"if": "ctx.message != null && ctx.message instanceof String && ctx.message.length() > 10"
}
}
]
}
使用以下 _simulate 请求测试管道:
POST _ingest/pipeline/string_message_check/_simulate
{
"docs": [
{ "_source": { "message": "short" } },
{ "_source": { "message": "This is a longer message" } },
{ "_source": { "message": 1234567890 } }
]
}
只有第二份文档添加了新字段:
{
"docs": [
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"message": "short"
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:28:14.040115261Z"
}
}
},
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"processed": true,
"message": "This is a longer message"
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:28:14.040141469Z"
}
}
},
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"message": 1234567890
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:28:14.040144844Z"
}
}
}
]
}
使用正则表达式 #
Painless 脚本支持 =~ 运算符来评估正则表达式。以下管道标志以 192.168. 开头的可疑 IP 模式:
PUT _ingest/pipeline/flag_suspicious_ips
{
"processors": [
{
"set": {
"field": "alert",
"value": "suspicious_ip",
"if": """ctx.ip != null && ctx.ip =~ /^192\.168\.\d+\.\d+$/"""
}
}
]
}
使用以下 _simulate 请求测试管道:
POST _ingest/pipeline/flag_suspicious_ips/_simulate
{
"docs": [
{ "_source": { "ip": "192.168.0.1" } },
{ "_source": { "ip": "10.0.0.1" } }
]
}
第一份文档添加了 alert 字段:
{
"docs": [
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"alert": "suspicious_ip",
"ip": "192.168.0.1"
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:32:45.367916428Z"
}
}
},
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"ip": "10.0.0.1"
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:32:45.36793772Z"
}
}
}
]
}
组合字段和空值检查 #
以下管道添加一个 priority 字段,如果 level 是 critical 且提供了 timestamp ,则将其设置为 high 。该脚本还确保在继续之前所有字段都存在并满足特定条件:
PUT _ingest/pipeline/critical_log_handler
{
"processors": [
{
"set": {
"field": "priority",
"value": "high",
"if": "ctx.level != null && ctx.level == 'critical' && ctx.timestamp != null"
}
}
]
}
使用以下 _simulate 请求测试管道:
POST _ingest/pipeline/critical_log_handler/_simulate
{
"docs": [
{ "_source": { "level": "critical", "timestamp": "2025-04-01T00:00:00Z" } },
{ "_source": { "level": "info", "timestamp": "2025-04-01T00:00:00Z" } },
{ "_source": { "level": "critical" } }
]
}
只有第一份文档添加了 priority 字段:
{
"docs": [
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"priority": "high",
"level": "critical",
"timestamp": "2025-04-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:39:25.46840371Z"
}
}
},
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"level": "info",
"timestamp": "2025-04-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:39:25.46843021Z"
}
}
},
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"level": "critical"
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:39:25.468434835Z"
}
}
}
]
}
多条件处理 #
以下条件:
- 如果该字段尚未存在,则添加一个设置为
production的env字段。 - 如果
status字段中的值大于或等于500,则添加一个设置为major的severity字段。 - 如果
env字段设置为test且message字段包含debug,则删除该文档。
PUT _ingest/pipeline/advanced_log_pipeline
{
"processors": [
{
"set": {
"field": "env",
"value": "production",
"if": "!ctx.containsKey('env')"
}
},
{
"set": {
"field": "severity",
"value": "major",
"if": "ctx.status != null && ctx.status >= 500"
}
},
{
"drop": {
"if": "ctx.env == 'test' && ctx.message?.contains('debug')"
}
}
]
}
使用以下 _simulate 请求来测试管道:
POST _ingest/pipeline/advanced_log_pipeline/_simulate
{
"docs": [
{
"_source": {
"status": 503,
"message": "Server unavailable"
}
},
{
"_source": {
"env": "test",
"message": "debug log output"
}
},
{
"_source": {
"status": 200,
"message": "OK"
}
}
]
}
在返回内容中,请注意第一个文档添加了 env: production 和 severity: major 字段。第二个文档被丢弃。第三个文档添加了一个 env: production 字段:
{
"docs": [
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"severity": "major",
"message": "Server unavailable",
"env": "production",
"status": 503
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:51:46.795026554Z"
}
}
},
null,
{
"doc": {
"_index": "_index",
"_id": "_id",
"_source": {
"message": "OK",
"env": "production",
"status": 200
},
"_ingest": {
"timestamp": "2025-04-23T10:51:46.795048304Z"
}
}
}
]
}
空值安全 #
使用空安全导航表示法( ?. )来检查字段是否为 null 。请注意,这种表示法可能会静默地返回 null ;因此,我们建议首先检查返回的值是否为 null ,然后使用 .contains 或 == 等操作。
不安全语法:"if": "ctx.message?.contains('debug')",如果文档中不存在 message 字段,此请求将返回一个包含消息 Cannot invoke "Object.getClass()" because "value" is null 的 null_pointer_exception 。安全语法:"if": "ctx.message != null && ctx.message.contains('debug')"